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Copywriting

Copywriting is the craft of writing words that persuade people to take action - buy, sign up, click, subscribe, or believe. Unlike content writing (which informs), copywriting converts. Every word earns its place. The best copy feels effortless to read because enormous effort went into writing it. This skill gives an agent the frameworks, formulas, and judgment to produce headlines, landing pages, CTAs, value propositions, email subject lines, and product descriptions that actually work.

When to use this skill

Trigger this skill when the user:

• Asks to write or improve a headline, title, or hook
• Needs landing page copy, above-the-fold text, or hero sections
• Wants to write or optimize a call-to-action (CTA)
• Asks for email subject lines or preview text
• Needs a value proposition or positioning statement
• Wants to apply AIDA, PAS, BAB, or other persuasion frameworks
• Asks to write product descriptions that sell
• Wants to A/B test copy and needs variant ideas
• Asks for "compelling," "persuasive," or "converting" copy

Do NOT trigger this skill for:

• Long-form editorial or journalistic content (informing, not converting)
• Technical documentation or developer-facing copy where clarity trumps persuasion

Key principles

1. Clarity over cleverness - If a reader has to think about what you mean, you've lost them. Plain language outperforms clever wordplay in almost every A/B test. Say the obvious thing, clearly.

2. Benefits over features - Features describe the product. Benefits describe what the customer gains. Never lead with a feature. Translate every feature into the outcome it produces for the buyer.

3. One CTA per piece - Multiple calls to action dilute attention and reduce conversions. Every piece of copy has one job. One desired action. Everything else is noise.

4. Write for scanners, then readers - Most visitors scan before they read. Structure copy so the headline + subheads + CTAs tell the complete story. Readers who want detail will find it in the body.

5. Test everything - Copy intuition improves with data. Treat every headline as a hypothesis. A/B test subject lines, CTAs, and hero copy. Small wording changes routinely shift conversion rates by 20-40%.

Core concepts

Persuasion frameworks

Three battle-tested structures cover 90% of copywriting situations:

AIDA (Attention - Interest - Desire - Action) The classic funnel. Hook with attention, build interest with relevance, create desire by amplifying the benefit, then drive action with a clear CTA. Best for long-form sales pages and email sequences.

PAS (Problem - Agitate - Solve) Lead with the reader's pain, twist the knife by amplifying consequences, then position your product as the solution. Especially effective for cold audiences who don't yet know they have a problem.

BAB (Before - After - Bridge) Paint the reader's current frustrating situation (before), describe the ideal transformed state (after), then present your product as the bridge. Works well for testimonials, case studies, and social ads.

Voice of customer (VoC) research

The most powerful copy uses the customer's own words. Before writing, collect:

• Exact phrases from support tickets and sales call transcripts
• Amazon/G2/Trustpilot reviews for the product category
• Reddit/forum threads where the target audience describes their problem
• Survey responses, especially to "What almost stopped you from buying?"

Mirror this language verbatim in headlines and body copy. It creates instant recognition: "they're talking about me."

Power words

Words that reliably increase emotional engagement and clicks:

Use sparingly. Overuse makes copy feel like spam.

Social proof

Proof reduces skepticism. Layer it throughout copy:

• Numbers - "14,000 teams use this" beats "used by teams worldwide"
• Named testimonials - Full name + company + photo outperforms anonymous quotes
• Results-based - "Reduced churn by 31%" beats "great product"
• Logos - Well-known customer logos do the work of a thousand words
• Press mentions - "As seen in..." for trust with new audiences

Common tasks

Write headlines

A headline's only job is to earn the next line. Use these 10 formula templates:

1. How-to - "How to [achieve desired outcome] without [common obstacle]"

   • "How to Write Emails People Actually Open Without Sounding Desperate"

2. Number list - "[Number] [things] that [outcome]"

   • "7 Landing Page Mistakes Killing Your Conversions"

3. The secret - "The [unusual/counterintuitive] way to [desired outcome]"

   • "The Counterintuitive Reason Your Freemium Users Never Convert"

4. Question - "[Question that implies reader has the problem]"

   • "Still Paying Full Price for Software Nobody Uses?"

5. Direct benefit - "[Do X] and [get Y]"

   • "Schedule Once and Let the System Handle All Follow-ups"

6. Before/After - "From [undesirable state] to [desirable state] in [timeframe]"

   • "From Spreadsheet Chaos to Automated Reports in 15 Minutes"

7. Social proof hook - "How [customer type] [achieved result] with [product]"

   • "How a 3-Person Agency Closed $2M Using Cold Email Templates"

8. Warning - "Don't [do X] until you [read/know/try Y]"

   • "Don't Launch Your Landing Page Until You Fix These 5 Copy Errors"

9. Fascination - "[Number] [surprising things] about [familiar topic]"

   • "9 Things Your Bounce Rate Is Actually Telling You"

10. Challenge - "What if you could [outcome] without [sacrifice]?"

    • "What if You Could Double Response Rates Without Writing More Emails?"

Headline checklist: Is the benefit specific? Is the audience implied? Does it create curiosity or urgency? Is it under 12 words? Could it stand alone?

Write landing page copy

Structure every landing page using this section-by-section framework:

1. Hero section (above the fold)

• Headline: primary benefit or transformation (use a formula above)
• Subheadline: one sentence clarifying who it's for and how
• CTA: verb + specific outcome ("Start Free Trial" not "Submit")
• Optional: social proof hook ("Join 14,000 teams...")

2. Problem section

• Name the pain clearly, using VoC language
• Agitate: what's the cost of not solving it?
• Transition: "There's a better way."

3. Solution section

• Introduce the product as the logical answer to the pain
• Three core benefits (not features) with one supporting sentence each
• Show, don't tell: screenshots, demo GIFs, or short video

4. Features section (benefits-led)

• Lead with the outcome ("Never lose a lead again"), then the feature beneath it
• Limit to 3-6 features - more creates fatigue

5. Social proof section

• Two to three testimonials with specific, result-oriented quotes
• Customer logos if available
• Case study summary with before/after numbers

6. Objection handling (FAQ or dedicated section)

• Address the top 3-5 objections from sales calls
• Write each answer as a mini persuasion piece, not just a fact

7. Final CTA section

• Restate the primary benefit
• Repeat the CTA with slightly different framing from the hero
• Add urgency or de-risk with a guarantee if available

Craft CTAs that convert

The CTA is the moment of conversion. Apply these rules:

• Use first person - "Start My Free Trial" outperforms "Start Your Free Trial" by 90% in most A/B tests (ownership effect)
• Be specific - "Download t