OpenClaw 运维与故障修复

概述

OpenClaw 日常运维操作、备份恢复、故障修复和高可用管理指南。

日常运维

服务管理

# Systemd 方式
systemctl start openclaw-server
systemctl stop openclaw-server
systemctl restart openclaw-server
systemctl status openclaw-server

# 脚本方式
/opt/openclaw/bin/openclaw-server.sh start
/opt/openclaw/bin/openclaw-server.sh stop
/opt/openclaw/bin/openclaw-server.sh restart
/opt/openclaw/bin/openclaw-server.sh status

# Docker 方式
docker-compose start
docker-compose stop
docker-compose restart
docker-compose ps

# Kubernetes 方式
kubectl rollout restart deployment/openclaw-server -n openclaw
kubectl scale deployment/openclaw-worker --replicas=5 -n openclaw

健康检查

# 服务健康检查
curl -s http://localhost:8080/api/health | jq .

# 集群健康检查
curl -s http://localhost:8080/api/cluster/health | jq .

# 自动化健康检查脚本
#!/bin/bash
HEALTH=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" http://localhost:8080/api/health)
if [ "$HEALTH" != "200" ]; then
    echo "OpenClaw 服务异常，状态码: $HEALTH"
    # 发送告警
    curl -X POST https://webhook.example.com/alert \
      -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
      -d '{"message": "OpenClaw 服务异常"}'
fi

日志管理

# 日志轮转配置
cat > /etc/logrotate.d/openclaw << 'EOF'
/opt/openclaw/logs/*.log {
    daily
    rotate 30
    compress
    delaycompress
    missingok
    notifempty
    create 644 openclaw openclaw
    postrotate
        systemctl reload openclaw-server > /dev/null 2>&1 || true
    endscript
}
EOF

# 手动清理日志
find /opt/openclaw/logs -name "*.log.*" -mtime +30 -delete
find /opt/openclaw/logs/tasks -name "*.log" -mtime +7 -delete

# 日志归档
tar -czf /backup/openclaw-logs-$(date +%Y%m%d).tar.gz /opt/openclaw/logs/

备份与恢复

数据库备份

# 全量备份
mysqldump -h localhost -u openclaw -p \
  --single-transaction \
  --routines \
  --triggers \
  openclaw > /backup/openclaw_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S).sql

# 压缩备份
mysqldump -h localhost -u openclaw -p openclaw | gzip > /backup/openclaw_$(date +%Y%m%d).sql.gz

# 定时备份脚本
#!/bin/bash
BACKUP_DIR="/backup/mysql"
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
mkdir -p $BACKUP_DIR

mysqldump -h localhost -u openclaw -p$MYSQL_PASSWORD \
  --single-transaction \
  openclaw | gzip > $BACKUP_DIR/openclaw_$DATE.sql.gz

# 清理 7 天前的备份
find $BACKUP_DIR -name "openclaw_*.sql.gz" -mtime +7 -delete

echo "备份完成: $BACKUP_DIR/openclaw_$DATE.sql.gz"

数据库恢复

# 停止服务
systemctl stop openclaw-server

# 恢复数据库
gunzip < /backup/openclaw_20240115.sql.gz | mysql -h localhost -u openclaw -p openclaw

# 或直接恢复
mysql -h localhost -u openclaw -p openclaw < /backup/openclaw_20240115.sql

# 启动服务
systemctl start openclaw-server

配置备份

# 备份配置文件
tar -czf /backup/openclaw-config-$(date +%Y%m%d).tar.gz \
  /opt/openclaw/conf/ \
  /etc/systemd/system/openclaw*.service

# Docker 配置备份
tar -czf /backup/openclaw-docker-config-$(date +%Y%m%d).tar.gz \
  /opt/openclaw/docker-compose.yml \
  /opt/openclaw/.env \
  /opt/openclaw/config/

完整备份

#!/bin/bash
# full_backup.sh - 完整备份脚本

BACKUP_DIR="/backup/openclaw/$(date +%Y%m%d)"
mkdir -p $BACKUP_DIR

echo "开始备份..."

# 1. 备份数据库
echo "备份数据库..."
mysqldump -h localhost -u openclaw -p$DB_PASSWORD \
  --single-transaction openclaw | gzip > $BACKUP_DIR/database.sql.gz

# 2. 备份配置
echo "备份配置文件..."
tar -czf $BACKUP_DIR/config.tar.gz /opt/openclaw/conf/

# 3. 备份 Redis (如需要)
echo "备份 Redis..."
redis-cli -h localhost BGSAVE
sleep 5
cp /var/lib/redis/dump.rdb $BACKUP_DIR/redis.rdb

# 4. 生成备份清单
echo "生成备份清单..."
cat > $BACKUP_DIR/manifest.txt << EOF
备份时间: $(date)
数据库: database.sql.gz
配置: config.tar.gz
Redis: redis.rdb
OpenClaw 版本: $(curl -s http://localhost:8080/api/version | jq -r .version)
EOF

echo "备份完成: $BACKUP_DIR"

故障修复

服务无法启动

端口占用

# 检查端口占用
netstat -tlnp | grep -E "8080|9090"
lsof -i :8080

# 杀死占用进程
kill -9 $(lsof -t -i :8080)

# 或修改配置使用其他端口
vim /opt/openclaw/conf/application.yml
# 修改 server.port

配置错误

# 检查配置语法
/opt/openclaw/bin/openclaw-server.sh validate

# 查看启动日志
tail -100 /opt/openclaw/logs/openclaw-server.log

# 常见配置问题
# 1. YAML 格式错误 - 检查缩进
# 2. 数据库连接字符串错误
# 3. 环境变量未设置

权限问题

# 修复目录权限
chown -R openclaw:openclaw /opt/openclaw
chmod 755 /opt/openclaw/bin/*.sh
chmod 644 /opt/openclaw/conf/*.yml

# 修复日志目录权限
chown -R openclaw:openclaw /opt/openclaw/logs
chmod 755 /opt/openclaw/logs

数据库问题修复

连接失败

# 测试连接
mysql -h localhost -u openclaw -p -e "SELECT 1"

# 重置密码
mysql -u root -p << 'EOF'
ALTER USER 'openclaw'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'new_password';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EOF

# 检查用户权限
mysql -u root -p -e "SHOW GRANTS FOR 'openclaw'@'%'"

# 修复权限
mysql -u root -p << 'EOF'
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON openclaw.* TO 'openclaw'@'%';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EOF

表损坏修复

# 检查表状态
mysqlcheck -u root -p --check openclaw

# 修复表
mysqlcheck -u root -p --repair openclaw

# 修复特定表
mysqlcheck -u root -p --repair openclaw task
mysqlcheck -u root -p --repair openclaw execution

数据不一致修复

# 清理僵尸任务（长时间 RUNNING 但 Worker 已下线）
mysql -u root -p openclaw << 'EOF'
UPDATE task SET status = 'FAILED',
  error_message = 'Worker offline - auto recovered'
WHERE status = 'RUNNING'
  AND worker_id NOT IN (SELECT id FROM worker WHERE status = 'ONLINE')
  AND update_time < DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL 1 HOUR);
EOF

# 重置卡住的调度任务
mysql -u root -p openclaw << 'EOF'
UPDATE task SET status = 'PENDING', worker_id = NULL
WHERE status = 'ASSIGNED'
  AND update_time < DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL 10 MINUTE);
EOF

Redis 问题修复

连接问题

# 测试连接
redis-cli -h localhost ping

# 重启 Redis
systemctl restart redis

# 检查 Redis 日志
tail -100 /var/log/redis/redis-server.log

内存问题

# 检查内存使用
redis-cli info memory

# 清理过期 key
redis-cli --scan --pattern "openclaw:task:log:*" | xargs redis-cli del

# 设置内存策略
redis-cli config set maxmemory 2gb
redis-cli config set maxmemory-policy allkeys-lru

数据恢复

# 从 RDB 恢复
systemctl stop redis
cp /backup/redis.rdb /var/lib/redis/dump.rdb
chown redis:redis /var/lib/redis/dump.rdb
systemctl start redis

# 验证恢复
redis-cli info keyspace

Worker 故障修复

Worker 无法注册

# 检查网络连接
telnet openclaw-server 9090
nc -zv openclaw-server 9090

# 检查防火墙
iptables -L -n | grep 9090
firewall-cmd --list-ports

# 开放端口
firewall-cmd --add-port=9090/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload

# 检查 Worker 配置
grep -E "server|host|port" /opt/openclaw/conf/worker.yml

Worker 频繁离线

# 调整心跳配置
vim /opt/openclaw/conf/worker.yml
# 增加心跳间隔和超时时间
# heartbeat:
#   interval: 10000
#   timeout: 60000

# 检查系统资源
top -p $(pgrep -f openclaw-worker)
free -h

# 检查网络稳定性
ping -c 100 openclaw-server | tail -5

Worker 任务堆积

# 查看 Worker 负载
curl -s http://localhost:8080/api/workers | jq '.[] | {name, runningTasks, maxTasks}'

# 增加 Worker 线程数
vim /opt/openclaw/conf/worker.yml
# threads: 16

# 或扩容 Worker
docker-compose up -d --scale openclaw-worker=5

任务故障修复

批量重试失败任务

# API 方式重试
curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/api/tasks/batch-retry \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer ${TOKEN}" \
  -d '{"status": "FAILED", "startTime": "2024-01-15T00:00:00", "endTime": "2024-01-15T23:59:59"}'

# 数据库方式重置
mysql -u root -p openclaw << 'EOF'
UPDATE task SET status = 'PENDING', retry_count = 0, worker_id = NULL
WHERE status = 'FAILED'
  AND create_time BETWEEN '2024-01-15 00:00:00' AND '2024-01-15 23:59:59';
EOF

清理过期任务

# 清理历史执行记录
mysql -u root -p openclaw << 'EOF'
DELETE FROM execution
WHERE create_time < DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL 30 DAY);
EOF

# 清理已完成任务日志
find /opt/openclaw/logs/tasks -name "*.log" -mtime +7 -delete

终止卡住的任务

# API 方式终止
curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/api/tasks/12345/kill \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer ${TOKEN}"

# 批量终止
curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/api/tasks/batch-kill \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer ${TOKEN}" \
  -d '{"taskIds": ["12345", "12346", "12347"]}'

高可用运维

主备切换

# 查看当前主节点
curl -s http://localhost:8080/api/cluster/leader | jq .

# 手动切换主节点（计划维

Como adicionar

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OpenClaw 运维与故障修复

概述

日常运维

服务管理

健康检查

日志管理

备份与恢复

数据库备份

数据库恢复

配置备份

完整备份

故障修复

服务无法启动

端口占用

配置错误

权限问题

数据库问题修复

连接失败

表损坏修复

数据不一致修复

Redis 问题修复

连接问题

内存问题

数据恢复

Worker 故障修复

Worker 无法注册

Worker 频繁离线

Worker 任务堆积

任务故障修复

批量重试失败任务

清理过期任务

终止卡住的任务

高可用运维

主备切换