Playwright CLI
Automate browsers through shell commands via the Bash tool.
Core Workflow
Every interaction follows this pattern:
- Open a page:
playwright-cli open <url> - Snapshot to discover elements:
playwright-cli snapshot - Interact using refs from the snapshot:
playwright-cli click <ref> - Verify the result:
playwright-cli screenshotorplaywright-cli snapshot
Always run snapshot before interacting — element refs come exclusively from snapshot output and become stale after navigation.
Command Reference
Navigation
| Command | Description | |---------|-------------| | open <url> | Open URL in new page | | goto <url> | Navigate current page | | go-back / go-forward | Browser back/forward | | reload | Reload current page | | close | Close the browser |
Interaction
| Command | Description | |---------|-------------| | click <ref> | Click an element | | dblclick <ref> | Double-click an element | | fill <ref> <text> | Clear field, then type text | | type <text> | Type into focused element (appends) | | check <ref> / uncheck <ref> | Toggle checkbox | | select <ref> <values> | Select dropdown option(s) | | hover <ref> | Hover over element | | drag <start> <end> | Drag between elements | | upload <ref> <paths> | Upload file(s) to file input | | eval "<js>" | Evaluate JavaScript on page | | eval "<js>" <ref> | Evaluate JavaScript on element | | dialog-accept [text] | Accept dialog (optional prompt text) | | dialog-dismiss | Dismiss dialog | | resize <w> <h> | Resize browser window |
Output
| Command | Description | |---------|-------------| | screenshot [ref] [--filename=f] | Capture PNG screenshot (page or element) | | snapshot [--filename=f] | Accessibility tree — structured, token-efficient | | pdf [--filename=f] | Generate PDF of the page |
Important:--filenameresolves relative to the working directory, NOToutputDir.
When using--filename, always prepend the project'soutputDirvalue
(check.playwright/cli.config.json; defaults to.playwright-cli).
Example: playwright-cli screenshot --filename=<outputDir>/my-screenshot.png
Tabs
| Command | Description | |---------|-------------| | tab list | List open tabs | | tab create [url] | Open new tab | | tab select <index> | Switch to tab | | tab close [index] | Close tab |
Keyboard
playwright-cli press Enter # Enter, Tab, Escape, ArrowDown, etc.
playwright-cli keydown Shift # Hold key down
playwright-cli keyup Shift # Release key
Mouse
playwright-cli mousemove 150 300 # Move to coordinates
playwright-cli mousedown [button] # Press button (left/right)
playwright-cli mouseup [button] # Release button
playwright-cli mousewheel 0 100 # Scroll (deltaX deltaY)
Sessions
- Default session — all commands share one session automatically
- Named sessions —
playwright-cli -s=<name> open <url>for parallel browsers - List sessions —
playwright-cli list - Close one —
playwright-cli -s=<name> close - Close all —
playwright-cli close-all - Force kill —
playwright-cli kill-all - Persistent profile —
playwright-cli open <url> --persistent - Custom profile —
playwright-cli open <url> --profile=/path/to/dir - Delete data —
playwright-cli delete-dataorplaywright-cli -s=<name> delete-data - Environment variable —
PLAYWRIGHT_CLI_SESSION=my-project
Configuration
playwright-cli open <url> --browser=chromium # chromium (default), firefox, webkit, chrome, msedge
playwright-cli open <url> --headed # Visible browser window
playwright-cli open <url> --config=config.json # Custom config file
playwright-cli open <url> --extension # Connect via browser extension
Create .playwright/cli.config.json in the project for persistent settings:
{ "browser": { "browserName": "chromium", "launchOptions": { "headless": true } }, "outputDir": ".playwright-cli", "timeouts": { "action": 5000, "navigation": 60000 } }
Other options: network.allowedOrigins, network.blockedOrigins, saveVideo. Environment variables use PLAYWRIGHT_MCP_ prefix (e.g., PLAYWRIGHT_MCP_BROWSER=firefox).
Common Pitfalls
- Interacting without snapshot — refs are unknown until
snapshotruns - Stale refs after navigation — re-run
snapshotaftergoto, link clicks, or form submissions - fill vs type —
fillclears the field first;typeappends to current content - Stuck sessions — run
playwright-cli kill-allto force-close all browsers
Resources
- [EXAMPLES.md](EXAMPLES.md) — Multi-step workflow examples
- [TROUBLESHOOTING.md](TROUBLESHOOTING.md) — Error diagnosis and fixes
- [references/request-mocking.md](references/request-mocking.md) — Intercept, mock, and block network requests
- [references/running-code.md](references/running-code.md) — Execute arbitrary Playwright code via
run-code - [references/session-management.md](references/session-management.md) — Named sessions, isolation, concurrent browsers
- [references/storage-state.md](references/storage-state.md) — Cookies, localStorage, sessionStorage management
- [references/test-generation.md](references/test-generation.md) — Generate Playwright test code from CLI actions
- [references/tracing.md](references/tracing.md) — Capture execution traces for debugging
- [references/video-recording.md](references/video-recording.md) — Record browser sessions as WebM video