security-pen-testing

Security Penetration Testing

Hands-on offensive security testing skill for finding vulnerabilities before attackers do. This is NOT compliance checking (see senior-secops) or security policy writing (see senior-security) — this is about systematic vulnerability discovery through authorized testing.

Table of Contents

• [Overview](#overview)
• [OWASP Top 10 Systematic Audit](#owasp-top-10-systematic-audit)
• [Static Analysis](#static-analysis)
• [Dependency Vulnerability Scanning](#dependency-vulnerability-scanning)
• [Secret Scanning](#secret-scanning)
• [API Security Testing](#api-security-testing)
• [Web Vulnerability Testing](#web-vulnerability-testing)
• [Infrastructure Security](#infrastructure-security)
• [Pen Test Report Generation](#pen-test-report-generation)
• [Responsible Disclosure Workflow](#responsible-disclosure-workflow)
• [Workflows](#workflows)
• [Anti-Patterns](#anti-patterns)
• [Cross-References](#cross-references)

Overview

What This Skill Does

This skill provides the methodology, checklists, and automation for offensive security testing — actively probing systems to discover exploitable vulnerabilities. It covers web applications, APIs, infrastructure, and supply chain security.

Distinction from Other Security Skills

| Skill | Focus | Approach | |-------|-------|----------| | security-pen-testing (this) | Finding vulnerabilities | Offensive — simulate attacker techniques | | senior-secops | Security operations | Defensive — monitoring, incident response, SIEM | | senior-security | Security policy | Governance — policies, frameworks, risk registers | | skill-security-auditor | CI/CD gates | Automated — pre-merge security checks |

Prerequisites

All testing described here assumes written authorization from the system owner. Unauthorized testing is illegal under the CFAA and equivalent laws worldwide. Always obtain a signed scope-of-work or rules-of-engagement document before starting.

OWASP Top 10 Systematic Audit

Use the vulnerability scanner tool for automated checklist generation:

# Generate OWASP checklist for a web application
python scripts/vulnerability_scanner.py --target web --scope full

# Quick API-focused scan
python scripts/vulnerability_scanner.py --target api --scope quick --json

Quick Reference

| # | Category | Key Tests | |---|----------|-----------| | A01 | Broken Access Control | IDOR, vertical escalation, CORS, JWT claim manipulation, forced browsing | | A02 | Cryptographic Failures | TLS version, password hashing, hardcoded keys, weak PRNG | | A03 | Injection | SQLi, NoSQLi, command injection, template injection, XSS | | A04 | Insecure Design | Rate limiting, business logic abuse, multi-step flow bypass | | A05 | Security Misconfiguration | Default credentials, debug mode, security headers, directory listing | | A06 | Vulnerable Components | Dependency audit (npm/pip/go), EOL checks, known CVEs | | A07 | Auth Failures | Brute force, session cookie flags, session invalidation, MFA bypass | | A08 | Integrity Failures | Unsafe deserialization, SRI checks, CI/CD pipeline integrity | | A09 | Logging Failures | Auth event logging, sensitive data in logs, alerting thresholds | | A10 | SSRF | Internal IP access, cloud metadata endpoints, DNS rebinding |

# Audit dependencies
python scripts/dependency_auditor.py --file package.json --severity high
python scripts/dependency_auditor.py --file requirements.txt --json

See [owasp_top_10_checklist.md](references/owasp_top_10_checklist.md) for detailed test procedures, code patterns to detect, remediation steps, and CVSS scoring guidance for each category.

Static Analysis

Recommended tools: CodeQL (custom queries for project-specific patterns), Semgrep (rule-based scanning with auto-fix), ESLint security plugins (eslint-plugin-security, eslint-plugin-no-unsanitized).

Key patterns to detect: SQL injection via string concatenation, hardcoded JWT secrets, unsafe YAML/pickle deserialization, missing security middleware (e.g., Express without Helmet).

See [attack_patterns.md](references/attack_patterns.md) for code patterns and detection payloads across injection types.

Dependency Vulnerability Scanning

Ecosystem commands: npm audit, pip audit, govulncheck ./..., bundle audit check

CVE Triage Workflow:

1. Collect — Run ecosystem audit tools, aggregate findings
2. Deduplicate — Group by CVE ID across direct and transitive deps
3. Prioritize — Critical + exploitable + reachable = fix immediately
4. Remediate — Upgrade, patch, or mitigate with compensating controls
5. Verify — Rerun audit to confirm fix, update lock files

python scripts/dependency_auditor.py --file package.json --severity critical --json

Secret Scanning

Tools: TruffleHog (git history + filesystem), Gitleaks (regex-based with custom rules).

# Scan git history for verified secrets
trufflehog git file://. --only-verified --json

# Scan filesystem
trufflehog filesystem . --json

Integration points: Pre-commit hooks (gitleaks, trufflehog), CI/CD gates (GitHub Actions with trufflesecurity/trufflehog@main). Configure .gitleaks.toml for custom rules (AWS keys, API keys, private key headers) and allowlists for test fixtures.

API Security Testing

Authentication Bypass

• JWT manipulation: Change alg to none, RS256-to-HS256 confusion, claim modification (role: "admin", exp: 9999999999)
• Session fixation: Check if session ID changes after authentication

Authorization Flaws

• IDOR/BOLA: Change resource IDs in every endpoint — test read, update, delete across users
• BFLA: Regular user tries admin endpoints (expect 403)
• Mass assignment: Add privileged fields (role, is_admin) to update requests

Rate Limiting & GraphQL

• Rate limiting: Rapid-fire requests to auth endpoints; expect 429 after threshold
• GraphQL: Test introspection (should be disabled in prod), query depth attacks, batch mutations bypassing rate limits

See [attack_patterns.md](references/attack_patterns.md) for complete JWT manipulation payloads, IDOR testing methodology, BFLA endpoint lists, GraphQL introspection/depth/batch attack patterns, and rate limiting bypass techniques.

Web Vulnerability Testing

| Vulnerability | Key Tests | |--------------|-----------| | XSS | Reflected (script/img/svg payloads), Stored (persistent fields), DOM-based (innerHTML + location.hash) | | CSRF | Replay without token (expect 403), cross-session token replay, check SameSite cookie attribute | | SQL Injection | Error-based (' OR 1=1--), union-based enumeration, time-based blind (SLEEP(5)), boolean-based blind | | SSRF | Internal IPs, cloud metadata endpoints (AWS/GCP/Azure), IPv6/hex/decimal encoding bypasses | | Path Traversal | ../../../etc/passwd, URL encoding, double encoding bypasses |

See [attack_patterns.md](references/attack_patterns.md) for complete test payloads (XSS filter bypasses, context-specific XSS, SQL injection per database engine, SSRF bypass techniques, and DOM-based XSS source/sink pairs).

Infrastructure Security

Key checks:

• Cloud storage: S3 bucket public access (aws s3 ls s3://bucket --no-sign-request), bucket policies, ACLs
• HTTP security headers: HSTS, CSP (no unsafe-inline/unsafe-eval), X-Content-Type-Options, X-Frame-Options, Referrer-Policy
• TLS configuration: nmap --script ssl-enum-ciphers -p 443 target.com or testssl.sh — reject TLS 1.0/1.1, RC4, 3DES, export-grade ciphers
• Port scanning: nmap -sV target.com — flag dangerous open ports (FTP/21, Telnet/23, Redis/6379, MongoDB/27017)

Pen Test Report Generation

Generate professional reports from structured findings:

# Generate markdown report from findings JSON
python scripts/pentest_report_generator.py --findings findings.json --form